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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">491</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.51226</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Family Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Professionalism and Ethical Boundaries in Patient Relationship&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almajed</surname>
            <given-names>Zahra Dheya</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almajed</surname>
            <given-names>Razan Dheya</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almajed</surname>
            <given-names>Noor Dheya</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Eid</surname>
            <given-names>Fatimah Hassan Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albrahiem</surname>
            <given-names>Israa Abdulredha</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alderaan</surname>
            <given-names>Khalaf Laymun</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arqan</surname>
            <given-names>Wjdan Abduljlil Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alderaan</surname>
            <given-names>Nawaf Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>922</fpage>
      <lpage>927</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Professionalism and ethical boundaries form the ethical spine of patient-centered care, shaping how healthcare providers engage, communicate, and build trust with patients across diverse clinical settings. These principles govern conduct, inform decision-making, and ensure the protection of patient rights and dignity. Dual relationships and power imbalances pose risks to therapeutic neutrality, especially when emotional, social, or financial roles overlap with professional responsibilities. Recognizing and maintaining clear boundaries is essential for preventing harm, preserving objectivity, and safeguarding the integrity of care. Informed consent and confidentiality represent critical elements of ethical engagement. Patients must be given accurate, comprehensible information to make voluntary decisions about their care, while personal information shared in clinical settings must remain secure and protected. Violations of either principle can damage trust, compromise treatment, and erode the clinician-patient relationship. Transparent communication, legal safeguards, and ethical vigilance are necessary to reinforce the patient’s right to autonomy and privacy. Cultural sensitivity is equally vital in delivering ethical and effective healthcare. Diverse belief systems, communication styles, and expectations influence how care is received and understood. Ethical practice requires more than awareness of difference; it involves reflexivity, humility, and an active commitment to understanding each patient’s context. Professionals must navigate tensions between biomedical norms and cultural values without imposing assumptions. This approach fosters mutual respect and supports ethical integrity in increasingly pluralistic healthcare environments.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Professionalism</kwd>
        <kwd> ethical boundaries</kwd>
        <kwd> informed consent</kwd>
        <kwd> confidentiality</kwd>
        <kwd> cultural sensitivity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>