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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">478</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.51218</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Aging and Thermocycling on the Marginal Seal of Adhesive Materials&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khatib</surname>
            <given-names>Summer Farouk</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bedawi</surname>
            <given-names>Manal Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhassan</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed Emad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jiffry</surname>
            <given-names>Dalal Abdul Wahab</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsalem</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulmalik Saud</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsayegh</surname>
            <given-names>Lama Abulola</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Faya</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulaziz Yahya</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alotibi</surname>
            <given-names>Muna Saad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>856</fpage>
      <lpage>863</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Adhesive dentistry is one of the most complicated branches of dentistry due to the complex structure of dentin and enamel and the different, technique-sensitive adhesive materials used. When applying adhesive restorative material, obtaining an optimum marginal seal is one of the main goals. However, several factors can affect the integrity of the marginal seal, resulting in restoration failure. These factors include thermocycling and aging. The adhesive materials are subjected to different factors that significantly affect their properties, leading to microleakage and demanding restoration replacement. Microleakage results from the thermal contraction of the adhesive material after being subjected to different temperatures, the polymerization shrinkage after curing of the adhesive material, mechanical stresses resulting from the occlusal forces applied to the tooth and the restoration, and water sorption of the restoration. Additionally, the improper adaptation of the resin composite material and adhesives at the tooth structure-restoration interface plays a crucial role in the failure of the marginal seal. In the oral cavity, the adhesive materials are constantly subjected to thermocycling due to the intermittent temperature changes. This thermocycling causes the restoration to develop a viscoelastic response that compromises the integrity of the polymeric layer, leading to debonding of the adhesive layer, loss of marginal seal integrity, and restoration failure. The adhesive materials are subjected to aging through chemical, mechanical, biological, and physical processes, which are subjected to over time, resulting in the deterioration and degradation of their components. Despite the great development in adhesive dentistry, aging and thermocycling of the adhesive material remain a great challenge to maintaining the integrity of the marginal seal.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>marginal seal</kwd>
        <kwd> aging</kwd>
        <kwd> thermocycling</kwd>
        <kwd> adhesive dentistry</kwd>
        <kwd> microleakage</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>