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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="otorhinolaryngology" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">464</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.51204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Otorhinolaryngology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Role of Orthodontics and Otorhinolaryngology in the Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (POSA)&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsaleem</surname>
            <given-names>Afnan I.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsultan</surname>
            <given-names>Khalid M.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsaif</surname>
            <given-names>Saud A.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almatrafi</surname>
            <given-names>Badria M.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsaif</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulaziz A.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>4</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>728</fpage>
      <lpage>736</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (POSA) is a sleep disorder that disrupts breathing and leads to developmental and health issues. Orthodontic treatments, such as Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) and mandibular advancement, improve the airway, while otorhinolaryngological procedures, including adenotonsillectomy, address structural obstructions. This review examined the combined roles of orthodontics and otorhinolaryngology in diagnosing and treating POSA, with a focus on early multidisciplinary interventions to enhance children__ampersandsign#39;s outcomes. A review of literature revealed that POSA affects 1-5% of children, with risk factors such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, craniofacial anomalies, and socioeconomic disparities. Orthodontic and otorhinolaryngological interventions are crucial for management, with early detection and a multidisciplinary approach being the key to success. Challenges include residual Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), variable treatment responses, and the need for standardized protocols. Effective management requires addressing risk factors and combining treatments, such as adenotonsillectomy, orthodontic interventions, and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). Early diagnosis and tailored interventions are essential to minimize long-term health effects.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea</kwd>
        <kwd> Obstructive sleep apnea</kwd>
        <kwd> Orthodontics</kwd>
        <kwd> Otorhinolaryngology</kwd>
        <kwd> Interdisciplinary</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>