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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="family-medicine" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">455</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2025.51115</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Family Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Assessment and Long-Term Follow-Up of Recurrent Wheezing in Non-Asthmatic Children&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Harasani</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Khalid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsaffar</surname>
            <given-names>Hussain Fuad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alharbi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman Taqi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alzaid</surname>
            <given-names>Walid Saad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alowaisheer</surname>
            <given-names>Mariam Khaled</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almutairi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman L</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Buamer</surname>
            <given-names>Maali Mansoor</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>654</fpage>
      <lpage>662</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Wheezing is one of the leading respiratory causes for medical treatment and hospitalization during the first years of life, consequently leading to a decline in lung function, poor quality of life, and a huge economic burden. Recurrent wheezing refers to experiencing more than one wheezing episode in one year, and it is considered a risk factor for asthma development in childhood and adolescence. Main causes of wheezing in infants include asthma, bronchiolitis, and respiratory viral infections. Several phenotypes and patterns of wheezing have been discovered in infants and children. Long-term cohort studies reported a strong association between wheezing phenotypes and asthma development. Risk factors that contribute to asthma progression include recurrent wheezing, allergen sensitization, exposure to tobacco, and parental asthma. Proper assessment and determination of key environmental triggers will lead to efficient management of the wheezing episode and better clinical outcomes. As recurrent wheezing is strongly associated with decline in lung function, management strategies should aim to alleviate symptom severity and prevent further functional impairment of the lungs. In this narrative review, we aim to summarize current evidence regarding causes and phenotypes of wheezing in children and key predictors for asthma progression and lung impairment in long-term follow-up studies, in addition to possible prevention strategies.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Recurrent Wheezing</kwd>
        <kwd> Persistent Wheezing</kwd>
        <kwd> Bronchiolitis</kwd>
        <kwd> Asthma</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>