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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">369</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41248</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Laboratory</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of Centrifugation Technique and the Effect of Centrifugation Condition on the Laboratory Samples&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fallatah</surname>
            <given-names>Majed Hashem</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Otaibi</surname>
            <given-names>Aaied Falah Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljohani</surname>
            <given-names>Randa Rajallah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ghabban</surname>
            <given-names>Waad Jamal</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshehri</surname>
            <given-names>Alaa Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>1003</fpage>
      <lpage>1009</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Centrifugation is a critical laboratory technique used to separate components within a mixture based on density differences. The efficiency and reliability of this process depend on the precise control of variables such as speed, time, temperature, and rotor design. Improper centrifugation settings can compromise sample integrity, leading to analytical inaccuracies. High-speed centrifugation, while effective for rapid separation, often imposes mechanical stress on samples, resulting in hemolysis or cellular damage. Time duration is equally significant, as insufficient centrifugation can cause incomplete separation, while prolonged exposure may induce thermal stress and biochemical degradation. Temperature control plays a pivotal role, particularly for temperature-sensitive biomolecules like enzymes, nucleic acids, and proteins. Unregulated temperatures during high-speed centrifugation can denature proteins and degrade nucleic acids, affecting their utility in downstream applications such as diagnostics and molecular biology. Automated centrifuges equipped with programmable cooling systems have proven effective in mitigating these risks. Centrifugation protocols require customization based on sample type. Blood, urine, and cellular samples exhibit distinct sensitivities to centrifugal force and duration, necessitating tailored approaches. Specialized techniques, such as density-gradient centrifugation, enhance separation precision for applications like exosome isolation. Recent innovations in centrifuge technology, including programmable speed ramps and advanced rotor designs, have significantly improved the reproducibility and reliability of centrifugation processes. Standardization of centrifugation protocols is essential to ensure consistency in laboratory results. Advances in centrifuge design and optimization strategies have enabled better preservation of sample integrity across diverse applications. These developments highlight the need for continuous refinement of protocols to accommodate emerging diagnostic and research requirements, ensuring high-quality outcomes in both clinical and experimental settings.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>centrifugation</kwd>
        <kwd> sample integrity</kwd>
        <kwd> temperature control</kwd>
        <kwd> protocol optimization</kwd>
        <kwd> laboratory diagnostics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>