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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">365</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41244</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Effect of Maxillofacial Surgery on Facial Growth and Development&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhashem</surname>
            <given-names>Manal Hussain</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsuwaida</surname>
            <given-names>Majed Mansour</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Algamdi</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhaddad</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulhakeem Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khairi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman Rasmi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bajawi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman Mudaysh</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>977</fpage>
      <lpage>983</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Maxillofacial surgery significantly impacts craniofacial growth, function, and aesthetics, especially in patients undergoing treatment during active growth phases. The interplay between surgical interventions and natural growth dynamics is complex, requiring careful consideration of timing, technique, and individualized patient needs. Early surgeries, such as cleft repairs or corrections for craniosynostosis, can effectively address functional deficits but may risk growth disturbances due to scar tissue formation and skeletal remodeling. Conversely, delayed procedures reduce growth interference but may leave patients with prolonged functional or psychosocial challenges. Advances in surgical methods, such as distraction osteogenesis, allow for controlled skeletal modifications that integrate more seamlessly with ongoing growth. This technique has shown promise in addressing severe deformities in growing patients while minimizing relapse and maximizing long-term stability. Functional adaptations post-surgery includes enhanced mastication, speech, and airway patency, particularly in cases of orthognathic interventions targeting malocclusions or obstructive sleep apnea. However, long-term stability of these functional improvements is not guaranteed, with variability in condylar remodeling and joint mechanics necessitating regular follow-up care. Aesthetic outcomes are equally significant, as facial morphology profoundly influences psychological well-being and social integration. Precision in surgical planning, aided by digital simulation tools, helps achieve symmetry and proportionality while anticipating soft tissue adaptations. Despite these advancements, challenges such as suboptimal tissue draping or scar formation persist, often requiring adjunctive treatments to refine results. Multidisciplinary approaches and technological innovations, including growth prediction models and three-dimensional imaging, have enhanced the ability to balance therapeutic benefits with growth preservation. By addressing the intricate relationship between surgical interventions and craniofacial development, these advancements pave the way for more effective, individualized treatment strategies that optimize functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial outcomes.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Maxillofacial surgery</kwd>
        <kwd> craniofacial growth</kwd>
        <kwd> functional outcomes</kwd>
        <kwd> aesthetic development</kwd>
        <kwd> surgical timing</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>