<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">364</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41243</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An Overview of Oral Candidiasis in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barayan</surname>
            <given-names>Rayan Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alnemer</surname>
            <given-names>Ghada Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fatani</surname>
            <given-names>Alaa Talal</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amer</surname>
            <given-names>Ameera Ibrahim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljohani</surname>
            <given-names>Hanan Raja</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhamis</surname>
            <given-names>Ali Hussain</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>970</fpage>
      <lpage>976</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by Candida species, primarily affecting immunocompromised pediatric patients due to their weakened immune defenses. In children undergoing chemotherapy, living with HIV, or experiencing primary immunodeficiencies, the risk of infection increases significantly. The disrupted immune barriers and altered oral microbiota create an environment conducive to fungal overgrowth. Clinical presentations vary from classic white plaques to more subtle erythematous lesions, which can complicate timely diagnosis. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as molecular methods and species-specific testing, are crucial for accurate identification, especially with the rise of non-albicans Candida species resistant to standard therapies. Therapeutic strategies rely heavily on antifungal agents, with topical treatments like nystatin and systemic options like fluconazole forming the cornerstone of management. However, increasing antifungal resistance and recurrent infections pose ongoing challenges. Innovations in antifungal drug development, including liposomal amphotericin B and novel agents like ibrexafungerp, offer promising solutions. Additionally, immunomodulatory therapies and probiotics are being explored as adjuncts to enhance host defenses and restore microbial balance. Emerging insights into Candida biofilms and resistance mechanisms underscore the need for combination therapies and targeted interventions. Preventive measures, including oral hygiene education and prophylactic antifungal use in high-risk populations, play a pivotal role in reducing infection rates. Multidisciplinary approaches integrating clinical expertise, advanced diagnostics, and novel therapeutic strategies are essential to address the complex needs of this vulnerable population. The continued exploration of host-pathogen interactions and therapeutic innovations offers hope for improved management and outcomes in immunocompromised pediatric patients.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Oral candidiasis</kwd>
        <kwd> immunocompromised pediatric patients</kwd>
        <kwd> antifungal resistance</kwd>
        <kwd> therapeutic strategies</kwd>
        <kwd> diagnostic challenges</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>