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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="family-medicine" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">353</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41232</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Family Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Social Isolation in Older Adults and its Effect on their Well-Being&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bajabir</surname>
            <given-names>Doaa Khalid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Haggi</surname>
            <given-names>Salman Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alruwaili</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed Awadh</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alghamdi</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Aqeel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhalifa</surname>
            <given-names>Rayan Osama</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abusallama</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman Ahmed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Habash</surname>
            <given-names>Naif Saeed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>898</fpage>
      <lpage>904</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Social isolation among older adults is an increasingly significant public health concern, with profound consequences for their physical, mental, and cognitive well-being. This review synthesizes current literature on the conceptualization, measurement, and prevalence of social isolation in later life, highlighting critical risk factors such as retirement, widowhood, declining health, and mobility limitations. Evidence consistently links social isolation to poorer health outcomes, including elevated risks of chronic disease, functional decline, cognitive deterioration, and heightened mortality. Moreover, isolation contributes to mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and diminished life satisfaction, and undermines health behaviors like adherence to medical regimens, nutritious eating, and physical activity.&#13;
&#13;
In response to these challenges, various interventions have emerged, ranging from community-based groups and intergenerational programs to technological solutions and policy reforms. Although many strategies show promise, rigorous evaluation is necessary to identify the most effective approaches, clarify causal mechanisms, and determine best practices for diverse populations. Future research should emphasize longitudinal designs, cultural adaptations, and cost-effectiveness analyses. Addressing social isolation requires comprehensive, ethically informed strategies that consider both individual needs and structural factors. By fostering social engagement, society can empower older adults to maintain purpose, autonomy, and well-being throughout the aging process.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Social isolation</kwd>
        <kwd> older adults</kwd>
        <kwd> well-being</kwd>
        <kwd> interventions</kwd>
        <kwd> cognitive decline</kwd>
        <kwd> public health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>