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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">351</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41230</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pediatric Autoimmune Disorders and Their Impact on Dental Development&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AlDomyati</surname>
            <given-names>Roaa Mohammad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Showlag</surname>
            <given-names>Riham Adel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alghamdi</surname>
            <given-names>Ghada Ahmed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ibrahim</surname>
            <given-names>Zahra Ali Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhemaidi</surname>
            <given-names>Ghufran Saleh</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljumaydi</surname>
            <given-names>Amjad Talal</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>876</fpage>
      <lpage>883</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Pediatric autoimmune disorders, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease, can significantly affect oral health and craniofacial development. These conditions disrupt normal dental and skeletal growth through chronic inflammation, immune-mediated tissue damage, and the side effects of therapeutic interventions. Common manifestations include delayed tooth eruption, enamel hypoplasia, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular joint involvement. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammation impair alveolar bone remodeling, leading to eruption delays and malocclusions, while nutrient deficiencies and altered bone metabolism further compromise enamel mineralization and craniofacial growth. Management is complicated by factors such as immunosuppressive therapy, xerostomia, and increased susceptibility to infections. Corticosteroids and biologics, while essential for controlling systemic disease, can exacerbate oral complications, including delayed wound healing and increased caries risk. Nutritional supplementation and the use of fluoride-releasing restorative materials are essential strategies to address these challenges. Periodontal care, orthodontic interventions, and regular monitoring are crucial to mitigate the effects of progressive inflammation and growth disturbances. Temporomandibular joint involvement is particularly problematic, as chronic arthritis can lead to significant mandibular asymmetry and occlusal discrepancies. Functional appliances and, in severe cases, surgical interventions are often required to manage these complications. Preventive care remains the foundation of long-term management, focusing on maintaining optimal oral hygiene, early detection of abnormalities, and minimizing the impact of systemic disease on oral tissues. Advances in salivary diagnostics and digital imaging provide opportunities for earlier diagnosis and personalized treatment. Interdisciplinary collaboration between dental professionals, pediatricians, and rheumatologists is essential to optimize outcomes. Understanding the multifactorial impact of pediatric autoimmune disorders on dental development highlights the need for tailored care strategies that address both systemic and oral health needs to improve the quality of life for affected children.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>pediatric autoimmune disorders</kwd>
        <kwd> dental development</kwd>
        <kwd> enamel hypoplasia</kwd>
        <kwd> temporomandibular joint</kwd>
        <kwd> periodontal disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>