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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">348</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41227</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Advances in Craniofacial Reconstruction: The Role of Augmented Reality&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Thobaiti</surname>
            <given-names>Yasser Eid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-jery</surname>
            <given-names>Sultan Hamad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alrayes</surname>
            <given-names>Zakher Eid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljeaid</surname>
            <given-names>Dania Hamoud</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alzaydan</surname>
            <given-names>Hamad Ibrahim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>855</fpage>
      <lpage>862</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Advancements in augmented reality (AR) are transforming craniofacial reconstruction by enhancing precision, improving planning, and optimizing outcomes. AR integrates three-dimensional imaging with real-time overlays, allowing surgeons to visualize and interact with patient-specific anatomy during every phase of the surgical process. Preoperative planning benefits from AR’s ability to generate dynamic simulations of procedures, enabling surgeons to anticipate challenges and refine techniques. Virtual models derived from imaging modalities such as CT and MRI are used to assess bone alignment, symmetry, and graft positioning with remarkable accuracy. Collaborative planning becomes seamless as multidisciplinary teams interact with the same virtual models, improving communication and decision-making. Intraoperatively, AR provides real-time guidance through overlays projected onto the surgical site. This technology facilitates precise osteotomies, graft placements, and soft tissue manipulation while preserving vital structures such as nerves and blood vessels. Head-mounted displays and markerless tracking systems enhance usability, enabling surgeons to maintain focus on the operative field. AR’s integration with robotic systems further improves precision, particularly in minimally invasive procedures where access to deep anatomical structures is limited. Postoperative assessment leverages AR for detailed comparisons between preoperative plans and surgical outcomes. Healing progress, such as bone remodeling and graft integration, can be tracked dynamically, offering insights into recovery. AR-based telemedicine platforms also enable remote monitoring, reducing the need for frequent in-person follow-ups while maintaining consistent care. Despite challenges related to cost and accessibility, AR’s transformative impact on craniofacial reconstruction is undeniable. Its ability to enhance visualization, streamline workflows, and improve patient outcomes highlights its potential to redefine surgical standards. As technology continues to evolve, AR is set to become an indispensable tool in advancing the precision and effectiveness of craniofacial surgery.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Augmented reality</kwd>
        <kwd> craniofacial reconstruction</kwd>
        <kwd> surgical precision</kwd>
        <kwd> 3D imaging</kwd>
        <kwd> postoperative assessment</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>