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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="family-medicine" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">339</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41218</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Family Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prevalence and Factors Related to Urinary Incontinence in the Elderly: A Systematic Review&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alaish</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Hashim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AlNihab</surname>
            <given-names>Ali Naji</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-Shehab</surname>
            <given-names>Ali Hussain</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Awani</surname>
            <given-names>Ashraf Hassan Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Al-aman</surname>
            <given-names>Abdul-moneem Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alrebeh</surname>
            <given-names>Mansoor Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>779</fpage>
      <lpage>791</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent condition among the elderly, affecting approximately 30%-50% of individuals over 65 years old. Understanding the prevalence of UI and its associated risk factors is crucial for improving management and treatment strategies. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the prevalence of UI and identify significant risk factors influencing its occurrence in diverse populations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, for studies published after 2014. Studies were included if they reported the prevalence of UI and associated risk factors in elderly populations. Data extraction focused on overall prevalence rates, demographic information, and specific risk factors along with their respective odds ratios or risk ratios, or prevalence ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing a wide prevalence range of UI from 14.2% to 82.9%. Gender-specific prevalence shows that among men, rates can be as low as 20% (monthly UI) and as high as 35.96%, while women exhibit prevalence rates from 15% to 66.1%. Significant risk factors identified include female sex, increased body mass index, history of cancer, diabetes, cognitive impairment, and mobility limitations. The odds ratios for these factors varied, indicating a robust association with the occurrence of UI across different populations. The findings of this systematic review underscore the high prevalence of UI incontinence and its multifactorial nature, emphasizing the need for targeted screening and intervention strategies. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals about the significant risk factors associated with UI can facilitate early identification and improve patient outcomes, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for those affected.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>urinary incontinence</kwd>
        <kwd> elderly</kwd>
        <kwd> prevalence</kwd>
        <kwd> risk factor</kwd>
        <kwd> UI</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>