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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">328</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Interface of Endodontics and Periodontics: Managing Periapical and Periodontal Lesions&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alanazi</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed Hamed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mohammedkamel</surname>
            <given-names>Amr Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alharbi</surname>
            <given-names>Khalid Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khojah</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Abdulhamid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feddah</surname>
            <given-names>Khalil Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fayyumi</surname>
            <given-names>Shahad Hassan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>8</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>683</fpage>
      <lpage>689</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Combined endodontic-periodontal lesions present a complex interplay between pulpal and periodontal diseases, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for effective management. These lesions often arise due to anatomical pathways, such as accessory canals and dentinal tubules, which facilitate microbial spread between the two tissues. Pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory mediators contribute to the progression of these conditions, complicating diagnosis and treatment. Advances in diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography and microbiological analyses, have improved the ability to differentiate between endodontic and periodontal origins, although challenges remain in cases with overlapping clinical presentations. Treatment planning for these lesions requires addressing the primary etiology while simultaneously managing secondary complications. Endodontic therapies such as root canal treatment, coupled with periodontal interventions like scaling, root planing, and regenerative procedures, are integral to restoring both tissues. Emerging approaches, including the use of biomaterials, stem cell therapy, and antimicrobial agents, enhance the ability to manage combined lesions more effectively. However, systemic factors such as diabetes and smoking significantly influence treatment outcomes, necessitating a holistic approach that incorporates patient education and management of underlying health conditions. Prognosis is determined by factors such as the extent of bone loss, microbial control, and patient adherence to oral hygiene and follow-up care. While regenerative techniques offer promising outcomes in restoring both pulp and periodontal tissues, long-term success depends on accurate diagnosis, coordinated care, and addressing systemic health influences. The integration of advanced technologies and interdisciplinary strategies underscores the importance of collaboration between endodontics and periodontics in managing these challenging lesions, with a focus on improving patient outcomes and preventing recurrence.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd> Endodontics</kwd>
        <kwd> Periodontics</kwd>
        <kwd> Combined lesions</kwd>
        <kwd> Diagnostic challenges</kwd>
        <kwd> Regenerative therapy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>