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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="critical-care-and-intensive-care-unit" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">325</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Critical Care and Intensive Care Unit</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Impact of Hyperkalemia on Cardiac Function in ICU Patients&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nassar</surname>
            <given-names>Mazen Alaadeen</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albargi</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmad Hassan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsulami</surname>
            <given-names>Amani Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alotaibi</surname>
            <given-names>Hissah Saud</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abulela</surname>
            <given-names>Areej Ahmad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Badawe</surname>
            <given-names>Aghsan Adel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almusui</surname>
            <given-names>Raghad Hassan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alnejidi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdullah Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>bather</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed Hussain Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>-0001</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>658</fpage>
      <lpage>665</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Hyperkalemia, characterized by elevated serum potassium levels, poses a critical risk to ICU patients, especially those with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, or receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. This review examines hyperkalemia’s impact on cardiac function, focusing on its role in arrhythmogenesis, myocardial conduction changes, and ECG abnormalities such as peaked T waves, QRS widening, and bradycardia, which can escalate to fatal outcomes if untreated. The U-shaped mortality curve associated with hypo- and hyperkalemia highlights the risks of both extremes of potassium levels. Major contributors to hyperkalemia in critically ill patients include impaired renal clearance, cellular potassium release due to tissue injury, and medications. Diagnostic complexities arise due to the variability of ECG findings and overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Effective management strategies discussed include calcium for myocardial stabilization, insulin and albuterol to shift potassium intracellularly, and potassium-binding agents like patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. Further research is essential to refine treatment thresholds and enhance management strategies for hyperkalemia in ICU patients.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Hyperkalemia</kwd>
        <kwd> ICU</kwd>
        <kwd> cardiac function</kwd>
        <kwd> electrolyte disturbance</kwd>
        <kwd> myocardial conduction</kwd>
        <kwd> ECG abnormalities</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>