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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">321</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.41111</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Clinical Challenges and Solutions in Treating Adult Patients with Severe Dental Crowding&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
            <given-names>Ayed Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsulemi</surname>
            <given-names>Shoroug Khaled</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqarafi</surname>
            <given-names>Faris Eid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jabir</surname>
            <given-names>Samirah Hashim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Omdah</surname>
            <given-names>Alyaa Hussain</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshdokhe</surname>
            <given-names>Elaf Dawood</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>630</fpage>
      <lpage>636</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Severe dental crowding in adults poses significant challenges due to the lack of skeletal growth potential, pre-existing periodontal conditions, and the complexity of achieving both aesthetic and functional goals. Accurate diagnosis involves detailed assessments of occlusion, tooth alignment, and periodontal health, supported by advanced imaging modalities such as CBCT and digital orthodontic planning. Treatment strategies often require balancing non-extraction techniques, such as interproximal reduction and arch expansion, with extraction-based approaches to achieve optimal space management while maintaining facial aesthetics. Orthodontic options, including fixed appliances and clear aligners, are tailored to individual needs, with fixed appliances offering greater control in complex cases. Adjunctive surgical interventions, such as corticotomies and orthognathic procedures, enhance treatment outcomes in severe cases by creating additional space and addressing skeletal discrepancies. Temporary anchorage devices further expand the scope of orthodontic treatments by enabling precise and controlled tooth movement. Long-term maintenance strategies focus on preventing relapse, which is a common challenge in adult cases. Fixed retainers provide reliable stability but require meticulous oral hygiene to prevent complications. Removable retainers offer flexibility but depend heavily on patient compliance. Adjunctive periodontal procedures, such as fiberotomy, and patient education on retainer care enhance long-term success. This multifaceted approach emphasizes the importance of personalized, interdisciplinary care in managing severe dental crowding. Advances in digital orthodontics, surgical techniques, and retention protocols continue to improve outcomes, ensuring both functional and aesthetic benefits while minimizing relapse risks. The integration of innovative tools and strategies offers promising avenues for further advancements in the management of this complex condition.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Severe dental crowding</kwd>
        <kwd> adult orthodontics</kwd>
        <kwd> relapse prevention</kwd>
        <kwd> interdisciplinary care</kwd>
        <kwd> surgical interventions</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>