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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="hematology" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">297</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.40913</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Hematology</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Advances in Laboratory and Imaging Techniques for Detecting Minimal Residual Disease in Leukemia&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almnzlawi</surname>
            <given-names>Ashgan Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>ALaeq</surname>
            <given-names>Rana Abdulrahim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alotaibi</surname>
            <given-names>Yosef Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ahmed</surname>
            <given-names>Khalid Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
            <given-names>Sultan Ahmad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alharbi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulaziz Obaid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>435</fpage>
      <lpage>441</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection plays a crucial role in the management of leukemia, offering insights into treatment efficacy and the risk of relapse. Advances in laboratory techniques have improved the sensitivity and accuracy of MRD detection, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes. Flow cytometry, one of the most established methods, allows for the identification of leukemic cells through immunophenotypic markers, providing high sensitivity in detecting one leukemic cell among thousands of normal cells. Despite its effectiveness, challenges such as phenotypic shifts in leukemic cells and sample processing limitations remain. Molecular techniques, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have further transformed MRD detection. qPCR provides high sensitivity by amplifying leukemia-specific genetic markers, enabling early relapse detection. NGS offers broader genomic coverage, identifying multiple mutations and clonal populations, which allows for the detection of clonal evolution and resistance. While these molecular methods are powerful, they require specialized laboratories and can be cost-prohibitive in routine settings. Emerging imaging technologies, such as positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging, are providing new opportunities to visualize leukemic cells in anatomical locations that traditional methods may not access. These non-invasive techniques offer a complementary approach to molecular and flow cytometry methods, though challenges such as sensitivity and cost remain. The integration of these advanced technologies into clinical practice offers the potential for earlier intervention, personalized treatment adjustments, and improved long-term outcomes for leukemia patients. Continued innovation and research will be critical to overcoming current limitations and expanding the use of these methods in routine MRD monitoring. These advancements promise to reshape the landscape of leukemia management, ensuring more effective and tailored approaches to treatment and follow-up care.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Minimal residual disease</kwd>
        <kwd> leukemia</kwd>
        <kwd> laboratory</kwd>
        <kwd> radiology</kwd>
        <kwd> imaging</kwd>
        <kwd> cytometry</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>