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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="internal-medicine" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">294</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.40910</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Internal Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Role of Immunotherapy in Managing Chronic Respiratory Conditions with Infectious Etiologies&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhotani</surname>
            <given-names>Nashwa Mohammad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khoj</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammad Saud</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almahfoudh</surname>
            <given-names>Najwa Essa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshammer</surname>
            <given-names>Ghofran Naji</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andijani</surname>
            <given-names>Nawaf Khalid</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shihab</surname>
            <given-names>Tawfiq Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alamro</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulmalik Muhammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <fpage>413</fpage>
      <lpage>421</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Chronic respiratory conditions with infectious etiologies encompass a range of diseases where long-term respiratory issues arise due to persistent or recurrent infections. These conditions, including Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, tuberculosis (TB), cystic fibrosis (CF), chronic fungal infections, and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections, severely impact the quality of life and require ongoing medical management. Traditional management involves antibiotic and antifungal therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccination, airway clearance techniques, and lifestyle modifications. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising adjunctive approach, significantly enhancing the immune response to persistent infections, reducing chronic inflammation, and improving overall outcomes. This review explores specific immunotherapies, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and cytokine therapies, detailing their roles in managing chronic respiratory conditions and highlighting the potential of personalized and combination therapies. The integration of immunotherapy into standard clinical practice holds the potential to transform the management of these challenging conditions.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Chronic respiratory conditions</kwd>
        <kwd> Immunotherapy</kwd>
        <kwd> Chronic infections</kwd>
        <kwd> Vaccines</kwd>
        <kwd> Monoclonal antibodies</kwd>
        <kwd> Cystic fibrosis</kwd>
        <kwd> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>