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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="critical-care-and-intensive-care-unit" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">262</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2024.40113 </article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Critical Care and Intensive Care Unit</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Sedation and Delirium Management in the Intensive Care Unit: A Comprehensive Review &#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alotaibi</surname>
            <given-names>Athari</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alasmari</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <issue>1	</issue>
      <fpage>105</fpage>
      <lpage>115</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>In Intensive Care Units (ICUs), managing pain, sedation, and delirium is critical for patient comfort and outcomes. Historically, deep sedation was common, but advances in ventilator technology and shorter-acting sedatives have led to a shift towards lighter sedation strategies. Delirium, often linked to oversedation, is associated with increased mortality and negative long-term outcomes, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches. Current guidelines recommend an __doublequotosinganalgesia-first__doublequotosing approach, promoting lighter sedation to minimize ventilation duration and facilitate early mobilization. Preferred sedatives include propofol and dexmedetomidine, with benzodiazepines generally avoided due to their association with delirium. Research suggests that early light sedation in the ICU improves clinical outcomes, including reduced mortality, shorter ventilation, and ICU stays. However, the timing of initiating light sedation, sedation assessment tools, and the combination of sedative agents present challenges in practical implementation. Multimodal sedation approaches involving various agents at lower doses aim to enhance patient comfort while minimizing side effects. Delirium-prevention strategies, including non-pharmacological interventions, are also crucial. Frameworks like the ICU Liberation Bundle and the eCASH approach emphasize patient-centered care, early assessment and intervention, and family involvement to optimize outcomes. In conclusion, achieving optimal sedation outcomes in ICU patients requires a comprehensive strategy that combines analgesia-first principles, light sedation, multimodal approaches, and delirium prevention measures.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Intensive Care Unit</kwd>
        <kwd> ICU</kwd>
        <kwd> sedation</kwd>
        <kwd> analgesia</kwd>
        <kwd> delirium</kwd>
        <kwd> multimodal sedation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>