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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">238</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2023.31219</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pathway of Infections and Virulence Factors in Endodontics&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsharif</surname>
            <given-names>Ainaa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rawas</surname>
            <given-names>Bassam</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zurayn</surname>
            <given-names>Rawan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alaofi</surname>
            <given-names>Reama</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhamis</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Halawi</surname>
            <given-names>Rahaf</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khayat</surname>
            <given-names>Roua</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Khateri</surname>
            <given-names>Lama</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almutairi</surname>
            <given-names>Manahil</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Arab</surname>
            <given-names>Ammar</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Murshid</surname>
            <given-names>Rfal</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>687</fpage>
      <lpage>694</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Endodontic treatment has increasingly become a preferred method for tooth preservation, largely due to its consistently high success rates. The success of endodontic therapy, aimed at tooth preservation, has improved due to a deeper understanding of endodontic pathology and advancements in treatment methods. Infections within the root canal, leading to apical periodontitis, are typically polymicrobial with a significant role played by obligate anaerobic bacteria. The study highlights the importance of understanding the intricate pathways of infection, such as through dentinal tubules, open cavities, the periodontal membrane, and the bloodstream, as well as the impact of faulty dental restorations. Key to managing these infections is an in-depth knowledge of the endodontic microbiota and its interplay with various disease states. The review also underscores the role of virulence factors in the pathogenesis of endodontic infections. These factors contribute to bacterial behavior, including adherence, invasion, evasion of host defenses, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Understanding these complex interactions is essential for developing effective treatment strategies and enhancing the field of endodontics, with a focus on maintaining long-term oral and overall health.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Endodontic infections</kwd>
        <kwd> apical periodontitis</kwd>
        <kwd> microbial pathogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd> virulence factors</kwd>
        <kwd> root canal therapy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>