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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="pediatrics" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">229</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2023.31212</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Pediatrics</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Etiology, Epidemiology and Clinical Assessment of Hand, Mouth and Foot Disease &#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alzamzami</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulghani</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhaldi</surname>
            <given-names>Omar</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alamoudi</surname>
            <given-names>Mousa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljadani</surname>
            <given-names>Nawaf</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alahmadi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulmohsin</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alyamani</surname>
            <given-names>Mayada</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almalki</surname>
            <given-names>Meshari</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almazni</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
            <given-names>Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alalyani</surname>
            <given-names>Naif</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sheikh</surname>
            <given-names>Noor</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <fpage>639</fpage>
      <lpage>646</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), first identified in 1957, has evolved into a significant global health concern. It is caused primarily by enteroviruses, particularly Coxsackievirus (CV) and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), HFMD predominantly affects children under five. The disease__ampersandsign#39;s etiology has shifted over the years, with newer strains like CV-A6 and CV-A10 emerging as notable culprits in recent outbreaks across Asia, America, and Europe. Epidemiologically, HFMD poses a major challenge in regions like the Western Pacific, with countries like China reporting over 10 million cases between 2008 and 2014. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe, including potentially fatal neurological or cardiopulmonary complications. Treatment is primarily supportive, lacking specific antiviral therapies, and involves antiviral and immunoglobulin therapies, respiratory and cardiovascular support, and traditional Chinese medicine. Prevention focuses on hygiene practices, with no vaccines currently available. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HFMD__ampersandsign#39;s etiology, epidemiology, and clinical assessment, aiming to enhance understanding and inform effective public health strategies.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>hand-foot-and-mouth disease</kwd>
        <kwd> enteroviruses</kwd>
        <kwd> Coxsackievirus</kwd>
        <kwd> etiology</kwd>
        <kwd> epidemiology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>