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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="surgery" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2023.31103</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Surgery</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An Overview of Vascular Malformations in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bukhsh</surname>
            <given-names>Ayman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almohammadi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrhman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhulaifi</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulkarim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albaqawi</surname>
            <given-names>Faisal</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aloqayli</surname>
            <given-names>Hamzah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alsamnan</surname>
            <given-names>Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshahrani</surname>
            <given-names>Rawan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
            <given-names>Abdullah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljohani</surname>
            <given-names>Asim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alshehri</surname>
            <given-names>Ali</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zahid</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulaziz</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>8</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <fpage>468</fpage>
      <lpage>474</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>This review provides a comprehensive overview of vascular malformations in the oral and maxillofacial region, focusing on their historical context, classifications, clinical characteristics, and treatment options. Vascular anomalies (VA) encompass a diverse range of medical conditions affecting the body__ampersandsign#39;s vasculature. The study highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing these conditions due to their varied presentations. It delves into the historical terminology, highlighting how terms like cherry, port-wine stain, and strawberry were used to describe these anomalies. The paper discusses the classification system proposed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), which categorizes vascular anomalies into tumors and malformations based on the presence or absence of endothelial mitotic activity. The importance of accurate histopathological descriptions in diagnosing and treating these anomalies is emphasized. Furthermore, the article provides a detailed discussion of the major types of vascular anomalies, including capillary malformations, venous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, and lymphatic malformations. Each type is characterized by its own unique features, clinical presentations, and associated complications. In terms of treatment, the review discusses various options, including laser therapy, sclerotherapy, embolization, and surgical resection, highlighting the factors that influence treatment decisions, such as lesion type, location, and extent.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>malformations</kwd>
        <kwd> maxillofacial region</kwd>
        <kwd> vascular anomalies </kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>