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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="ophthalmology" lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
<issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">193</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2023.30910</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Ophthalmology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Direct vs. Indirect Etiology of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alnahdi</surname>
<given-names>Ahmed</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alqazlan</surname>
<given-names>Ziyad</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alqahtani</surname>
<given-names>Abdullah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alsaeedi</surname>
<given-names>Ahmad</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alarfaj</surname>
<given-names>Ahmad</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Altashkandi</surname>
<given-names>Hassan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Altheyab</surname>
<given-names>Fatemah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Albarrak</surname>
<given-names>Yousef</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alshahrani</surname>
<given-names>Nada</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alqrid</surname>
<given-names>Aedah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alshraifi</surname>
<given-names>Safa</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>30</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<fpage>346</fpage>
<lpage>352</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>When it comes to vision, there is a rare condition which has more potential to impair the vision, and this condition is called Traumatic optic neuropathy. Direct traumatic optic neuropathy occurs when there is direct physical trauma to the optic nerve, often due to penetrating injuries or fractures involving the bones around it. On the other hand, indirect (TON) is caused by blunt force trauma that is transmitted through the tissues or bones around the eye, leading to stretching, tearing, or damage to the blood supply of the optic nerve. Common causes of indirect (TON) include motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults, and sports-related injuries. The mechanics, blood flow, and inflammation are all sequentially organized in Traumatic optic neuropathy. Mechanical factors disrupt the integrity of the nerve fibers and blood supply, vascular factors reduce the blood flow, and inflammatory factors activate processes that cause cell death within the optic nerve. The signs of (TON) can vary in presentation. Commonly involve a decrease in visual clarity abnormalities in the pupil__ampersandsign#39;s reaction to light visual field issues, changes in color perception, and alterations in the appearance of the optic disc. Diagnosing and managing (TON) can be quite challenging since there are no markers or reliable predictors of prognosis. In some cases, observation may be appropriate, while corticosteroids can be employed for their inflammatory properties and potential benefits to optic nerve blood supply. Surgical decompression focuses on relieving pressure or removing obstructions that are affecting the nerve.
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Direct Traumatic Optic Neuropathy</kwd>
<kwd> Etiology</kwd>
<kwd> Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy</kwd>
<kwd> Trauma</kwd>
<kwd> Optic Neuropathy</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>