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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="emergency-medicine-and-critical-care" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2021.1107</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Emergency Medicine and Critical Care</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Clinical Pain Assessment Scoring System and Practice Essentials in Acute and Chronic Pain&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abdelhady</surname>
            <given-names>Ahmed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname/>
            <given-names/>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Asaheimi</surname>
            <given-names>Rawabi</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alamrani</surname>
            <given-names>Amani</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alqahtani</surname>
            <given-names>Mohammed</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Asiri</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulelah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alharthi</surname>
            <given-names>Yousef</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alnamlah</surname>
            <given-names>Aseel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mguens</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulallah</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tarouti</surname>
            <given-names>Fatimah  Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AlHawsawi</surname>
            <given-names>Zeinab</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>-0001</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>50</fpage>
      <lpage>56</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Pain is the most common symptom patients complain from in the emergency setting. Due to the significant dependence on the management modality of pain, and the highly increasing cultural myths about pain, it is essential to evaluate and diagnose the characteristics of pain as early and correctly as possible. Many assessment modalities for pain have been previously proposed in clinical settings and research studies. In this review, we will report significant evidence about the assessment tools for the acute and chronic pain, together with the reported practice essentials. Assessment tools have been divided in this paper based on the different aspects of pain, associated morbidities, and concurrent effects. Finally, discussion related to the clinical guidelines and assessment tools for the evaluation of pain in pediatric settings and the most suitable approaches to achieve a proper diagnosis is reported. This includes previous investigations that have reported the Revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (r-FLACC) and the Individualized Numeric Rating Scale (INRS) can be effectively used in emergency and healthcare pain assessment situations and also in settings where children usually present with atypical presentations and symptoms. Other detailed approaches and scoring systems are discussed within the study.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Pain</kwd>
        <kwd>assessment</kwd>
        <kwd>scoring systems</kwd>
        <kwd>clinical</kwd>
        <kwd>emergency medicine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>