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<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="dentistry" lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
      <issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">156</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2023.30114</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Dentistry</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An Overview of Mouth Breathing Syndrome and its Effect on Dental Development&#13;
</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>AlDomyati</surname>
            <given-names>Roaa</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alkhawaja</surname>
            <given-names>Zahra</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alharthi</surname>
            <given-names>Yousef</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aljumaah</surname>
            <given-names>Lubna</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aladalah</surname>
            <given-names>Amal Al</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alhazoom</surname>
            <given-names>Zainab</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sangoura</surname>
            <given-names>Suzan</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alorabi</surname>
            <given-names>Hana</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Albalawi</surname>
            <given-names>Turki</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Alazwary</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tallab</surname>
            <given-names>Renad</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>84</fpage>
      <lpage>89</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Mouth breathing syndrome is a major harmful oral condition in children that causes them to switch from exclusively nasal breathing to mouth breathing or mixed breathing. It frequently happens as a result of an obstruction of the upper airway, which forces all or part of the air to enter through the mouth. Serious morphological and quality-of-life alterations are brought on by it. There are a number of causes for mouth breathing, but allergic rhinitis may be the most widespread, affecting more children. The second reason for this breathing pattern is palatine tonsils and adenoids. This multifactorial condition jeopardizes the balance of stomatognathic functions such as chewing, swallowing, breathing, and phonation, as well as creating conditions that influence the individual__ampersandsign#39;s development. Uncontrolled mouth breathing can have an adverse impact on the dentofacial system__ampersandsign#39;s health as well as aberrant dental and maxillofacial development. Based on the cause of mouth breathing, mouth breathers may demonstrate various dental development patterns, malocclusions, and maxillofacial development consequences. Furthermore, breathing through the mouth might harm dental health and raise the risk of periodontal and caries disorders. Because mouth breathers have several problems, a thorough and interdisciplinary clinical assessment is required to identify this syndrome early and reduce its negative effects on dentofacial development. This review finds that a multidisciplinary approach to these issues needs to make significant progress.&#13;
</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>mouth breathing syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd> mouth breathing</kwd>
        <kwd> dental</kwd>
        <kwd> dentofacial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>