<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.0" article-type="infectious-disease" lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">JOHS</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Journ of Health Scien</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of HealthCare Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Journ of Health Scien</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2231-2196</issn>
<issn pub-type="opub">0975-5241</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Radiance Research Academy</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">136</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/JOHS.2022.21214 </article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi-url"/>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Infectious Disease</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Prevalence and Types of Respiratory Co-Infections found in COVID-19 Patients
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alharbi</surname>
<given-names>Samar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aljohani</surname>
<given-names>Basmah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Almohmmadi</surname>
<given-names>Ghazi</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alsubaihi</surname>
<given-names>Abdulrahman</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alkhouzaie</surname>
<given-names>Abdulaziz</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alrashidi</surname>
<given-names>Yasir</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alhazmi</surname>
<given-names>Shahad</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Beitar</surname>
<given-names>Feras</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Althobaiti</surname>
<given-names>Alanoud</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alzibali</surname>
<given-names>Abdulaziz</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Alsafwani</surname>
<given-names>Fatimah</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>28</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<fpage>597</fpage>
<lpage>602</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>This article is copyright of Popeye Publishing, 2009</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) Licence. You may share and adapt the material, but must give appropriate credit to the source, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>An unprecedented challenge to the healthcare system worldwide has resulted from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As per the estimates of year 2022 over 314 million cases and over 5.5 million deaths had been reported since the pandemic began. The respiratory system is the primary system affected by COVID-19, which is a multisystem disease. It usually starts as an upper respiratory infection that spreads to the lungs and causes interstitial pneumonia, severe respiratory failure, a systemic inflammatory response, and multi-organ dysfunction in the most extreme instances. The environment that a viral infection allows concurrent or secondary bacterial co-infections has been created by the co-evolution of viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens, increasing the morbidity and mortality of respiratory viral infections and significantly increasing the burden of disease on society. Because COVID-19 mass vaccination campaigns are still in their early phases, underlying co-infections and how they are treated could have significant impact on disease morbidity and related patient care. Growing evidence of research demonstrates that microbial co-infection raises the likelihood of human illness severity. The prevalence of co-infection ranges from 0%- 20% among COVID-19 patients. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae were the most prevalent bacterial co-infections in all COVID-19 patients along with certain other viral co-infections. Despite extensive study on viral-bacterial co-infections, there are few studies that examine how they affected the COVID-19 pandemic.
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
<kwd> co-infection</kwd>
<kwd> respiratory</kwd>
<kwd> bacterial</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</article>